Blood.
Death. Destruction. Fear. An enemy of all humankind. An enemy to stability. A spice
for animosity. Those are the words that are terror.
Terrorism
is a stubborn thorn in the foot of every nation in the world. Kenya has known
terror since 1998 when the American embassy in Nairobi was bombed by
terrorists. In 2002, terrorists struck again. This time it was a tourist hotel in
Kikambala, Mombasa.
Since
then, terror has become a reality among Kenyans.
The
Kenya Defence Forces’ 2011 incursion in Somalia to flush out the Alshabaab militants
forever changed the landscape of terror. In the past four years, more than one
thousand Kenya have lost their lives. Hundreds others have been crippled and
many more displaced.
Nerve-racking figures
Statistics
are heartrending.
Some
of the deadliest attacks include the Westgate mall attack that left close to
seventy dead, and property worth millions destroyed. The Garissa massacre on
Garissa University College campus left more than 200 hundred students dead.
Buses
carrying passengers have been detonated, revelers have been besieged in clubs
and killed, and religious houses have become a soft target for the heartless
insurgents. Villages at the coast of Kenya have been converted into arenas for
unspeakable bloodshed, and everywhere every time the smell of blood, horror and
death reeks.
There
have been calls to withdraw KDF troops from Somalia, from internally and
externally. Whenever conducting their horrific acts, the insurgents have told
Kenyans victims to ask their government to pull its soldiers from Somaliland,
and until when will they stop butchering Kenyan citizens.
The
government though has stuck to its guns, reasoning that an attempt to recall
the army from the besieged county will allow the rebels to regroup and hit with
more vim.
A global challenge
Terror
is a global challenge. Terrorists may attack anyone anywhere depending on their motive. No
one is cushioned against the ruthlessness of this form of barbarism…
Not a religious phenomenon
It
has often been argued that Islam is a religion that allows hard-line stances
particularly towards Christianity, promotes terrorism and glorifies extremism.
Jihadists believe that killing non Muslims sanctifies the killer, and pleases
their Supreme Being.
This
is wrong, and has equally been demystified. Islam distances itself from any
form of violence, and condemns the instigators, calling them deviants who use
religion as a shield and an excuse for their atrocious activities.
The journey
though has not been easy. A sharp divide has been curved between Christians and
Muslims in the world, as the former view the latter as a potential threat to
them. Sometimes it has been near impossible to peacefully coexist as there is
so much suspicion on both sides.
When
arrests are being made after an attack, the police sometimes act on the basis
of religion, without carrying out proper investigations, further straining the
already wobbly inter-religion relations.
US
President Barrack Obama during the White House Summit on Countering Violent Extremism said:
“All of us have the responsibility to refute the
notion that groups like the {ISIS} somehow represent Islam, because that is a
falsehood that embarrasses the terrorist narrative.”
Causes of terrorism
Locally,
terrorism is viewed in some quarters as a way to vent following annexation of
some areas by the authorities. Kenyans in the North Eastern part of the country
have for years felt that the government in Nairobi does not treat them equally
as other Kenyans in other parts of the country.
Poverty
levels in the region are higher, illiteracy is incredible and infrastructure
near totally absent. This as a result has evoked strong emotions among the
residents of the areas, especially the youth who take up arms in a bid ‘to make
a point to the state.’
The
child born of this marginalisation is
terror.
Graft
has also been a major culprit. Corruptible officials at border points receive
bribery from aliens, a practice which has made border points more porous, hence
entry by terrorists.
The barb that is radicalisation
To
radicalise according to the Encarta
Thesaurus is “to make to undergo fundamental change, or to introduce
sweeping changes to something.” Political radicalisation is where people are
made to obtain radical political views.
This
is a dangerous dimension in the fight against terrorism.
In
the east, massive radicalisation has been ongoing in the past few years.
Islamic State or IS is a powerful and destructive movement that has come up to
preach violence, persecution and massacre of non-Muslims.
Closer
home, the government’s effort to fight terror has recently been curtailed in
the shape of the venomous python that is radicalisation. As the state puts in
place measures to prevent terrorism, it is also keeping an even keener eye on
the ground to ensure that the youth are not indoctrinated into extremism. This
has in consequence strained the resources set aside for securing all.
A
clear-cut example could be the crushing of the Mombasa Republican Council (MRC)
that was allegedly inciting its members against the state.
Effects of terror
Terrorism
has a direct impact on the stability of a country, on all fronts. People live
in tension and fear of attacks, deaths orphan children, widow spouses and rob
dependants of their bread winners. The threat posed by terrorism has made
teachers in Mandera County and some parts of Wajir quit their jobs, hence
crippling education in the region.
The
economy is usually a direct recipient of the brunt of this menace. More funds
have to be allocated to the security docket and intelligence agencies in the
country. For a country that relies on foreign grants and aid for sustenance,
this has been painfully hurting to Kenya’s balance and checks.
Occasional
travel advisories by European counties and America severely impair Kenya’s
tourism industry. Most of the visitors come from the west, and whenever such
warnings are given, the number of visitors often drastically falls. This has
the direct and immediate effect of less foreign exchange for Kenya, mass layoff
by hotels and closure of others, which leads to loss of jobs.
Restructuring the security system
There
have been major shakeups in the security organs of the country in the recent
few years. Under the Jubilee administration only, there have been two ministers
in the docket of security, and two holders of the post of the Inspector General
of Police.
The
former minister for Interior Joseph Lenku was fired after a series of invasions
within Kenyan borders that left tens if not hundreds dead. The then IG David
Kimaiyo was silently shown the door after he failed to secure Kenyans.
The
head of Intelligence Major General Michael Gichangi resigned after a plethora
of condemnations that the country’s intelligence organ was sleeping on their
job.
Gathering
of intelligence in the country has forever changed, with the restructuring of
the systems and an overhaul of the leadership. All this is done in a bid to
tackle terrorism head on.
There
have also been claims that Kenya’s spies do not promptly act upon the
intelligence gathered, either by ignoring it, or by dismissing it. This has on
several occasions exposed the country to the priests of terrorisms, where the
country is caught flat-footed.
Key partner in fight against terrorism
Kenya’s
has been a force to reckon with in the fight against terror in the region. Due
to its proximity with Somalia, it has helped the international community to
crush the Alshabaab by pursuing them deep into Somalia.
Additionally,
Kenya has been regarded as a island of peace in the region that is
characterised by tension and rebel fighting. Despite few challenges, Kenya
enjoys a plausible degree of democracy. On the other hand, there is perpetual
war in Uganda, there is a critical leadership crisis in South Sudan, Somali is
ungovernable and dictatorship is the order of the day in Burundi and Rwanda.
For
that reason, the US considers Kenya as the most reliable, and indeed willing,
partner in the fight against terror. That has also, in the eyes of the terrorists,
marked Kenya as a sympathiser of the west, and a common enemy.
Global efforts
There have been infamous attacks of airlines
like the Russian Airlines. Businesses too have not been spared either. Two French Muslim brothers,
Cherif fans Said Kouachi, invaded and killed scores of staff at the satirical
magazine Charlie Hebdo headquarters in Paris early 2015.
In
1998, a horror bomb went off in Nairobi killing nearly 300 people. Three years
later, the twin towers of the World Trade Centre in New York City were bombed
killing many people.
Rogue
gunmen have invaded and killed innocent school children in America.
Internationally,
terrorism is vehemently condemned. It is seen as a cowardly act by perpetrators
of these contemptible acts: killing innocent and unsuspecting humans.
Countries
suffer huge losses whenever terrorists strike. For this reason, there are calls
for concerted effort to deal through and through with this costly, destructive
and annoying nuisance.
Possible solutions
To
end terror, authorities and other stakeholders ought to address the matter
amicably, and in a manner that does not discriminate against anyone or any
group on the basis of ethnicity or religion –as it has been witnessed during
swoops by the police.
Intelligence,
however faint, MUST be acted upon, immediately and appropriately. It may help
counter a possible hazard.
All
people should be treated equally irrespective of their origin, religion and
political stand.
Above
all, any enterprise that will help to end the trouble ought to be embraced.
This
way, we will be able to once more enjoy a terror-free Kenya, region and world.